Common Good and Just Society

Humans share their genetic makeup with chimpanzees constituting about 95% as the closest primate relatives. However, human constitute a rather unique phenotype including a large brain, an erect posture and complex facial muscles controlling emotions. The aim here though is to express that the new levels of theories of mind evolve from modern human ways of sharing resources. Asking what causes human speciation simply asks the distinction between being human or non-human. A search for an answer is oriented towards identifying special characteristics for humans as being individuals with certain discrete entities. What is meant to be human is not in the brain or any capacities but rather a way human beings share resources to establish a collective survival. Capturing the aspect of what being a human is, one ought to focus the attributes that transact in the sharing of resources and not what is inside of individuals.

Being good can be used to have different implications but, in this case, the focus is on moral orientation. The necessity of being good rightly invites some tautological responses solely because being good is just the right thing to do. After all, the consequences of being good are much more favorable than not being good. A further reflection indicates that the voice of conscience is eminent from what the justification is about and what the voices tells us. All these factors of ‘being good’ involves obeying moral rules. In other another sense, being good may imply being beneficial to an individual or something. Becoming beneficial to other people and the environment around us creates a milieu whereby everyone has the opportunity to flourish. Consequently, to become successful demands right skills and choosing actions that are affiliated with good consequences. After all, being good has consequences that are of utmost importance.

Recent works in cognitive science are the platform for making of evidence to emotions and moral judgment. Reviewing the findings from a psychological, cognitive and neuroscience perspective as well as the psychopathology concludes a correlation with moral judgment. Also, moral facts are dependent on response meaning that the bad just causes disapprobation for a community of moralizers. The project has essential implications influencing our understanding of practical reasoning. Philosophical analysis is a the best way to making progress on conceptual questions. The question is, can one possess some moral without having sentiments? The current evidence is favorable to the conclusion that ordinary judgment is by nature emotional. The fact that emotions rightly co-occur with moral judgments is rightly true that experience confirms that when people make judgments moral rules are violated and thereby a negative emotional response. One final argument for the thesis justifying emotions as necessary for morals is based on arguments of anthropological records. If for instance moral judgment is on the basis of something else other than emotions including reasons or observation, then we would expect moral convergence in a cross-cultural basis.  Moral judgments is a concern that conveys courses of action that characterize some harm more so losses of life or other kinds of physical harm. Therefore, it is ethical for people to be able to distinguish doing unwise things from morally abhorrent things.

The question of a just society can be traced back to the Socrates and the pre-Socratics hailing from the ancient Greece as well as other societies. The matters of a just society become a necessity mainly because humans are much interested in making sure their projects are right and do what they deem very important irrespective of the side effects and what is rightly referred to as externalities in the language of economists. While in the wild community, the end rightly justifies the means but among humans and civilized people it can not be tolerated. Consequently, whatever is proper in social arrangement deserves a lot of support, loyalty as well as protection. Though many aspects were only contained in Plato’s republic in wordings like Aristotle ‘politics, many others have been hijacked by special interests and factions of humanity that are less caring about doing proper things.