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The more sophisticated the level of technology, the greater the use of _____ decision making.

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Question 1

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The more sophisticated the level of technology, the greater the use of _____ decision making.

Select one:

  1. Participative
  2. Centralized

According to Table 11-1, a high degree of technology encourages centralized decision-making.

  1. Decentralized
  2. Team-based

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The correct answer is: Centralized

Question 2

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In China _____ is an important need and _____ is a goal.

Select one:

  1. Group affiliation; professional achievement
  2. Professional achievement; individual success
  3. Group affiliation; harmony

In China, group affiliation is an important need, and social harmony is an important goal.

  1. Individual success; harmony

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The correct answer is: Group affiliation; harmony

Question 3

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The drive to satisfy safety needs is greater than the drive to satisfy any other type of need.

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True

False

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Physiological needs are basic physical needs for water, food, clothing, and shelter. Maslow contended that an individual’s drive to satisfy these physiological needs is greater than the drive to satisfy any other type of need.

The correct answer is ‘False’.

Question 4

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Amazon’s target market is significantly larger, but less loyal, than Alibaba’s.

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True

False

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Amazon, unlike Alibaba, specializes primarily in just business-to-consumer sales. As a result, Amazon’s target market is significantly smaller, but more loyal, than Alibaba’s.

The correct answer is ‘False’.

Question 5

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The two-factor theory of motivation holds that two sets of factors influence job satisfaction: intrinsic and extrinsic.

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True

False

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The two-factor theory of motivation holds that two sets of factors influence job satisfaction: hygiene factors and motivators.

The correct answer is ‘False’.

Question 6

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A legal system called codetermination requires workers and their managers to participate in the discussion of major decisions.

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True

False

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In addition, management education is highly technical, and a legal system called codetermination requires workers and their managers to discuss major decisions.

The correct answer is ‘True’.

Question 7

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Maslow postulated that everyone has five basic needs, which constitute a need hierarchy. In ascending order, beginning with the most basic, they are physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization needs.

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True

False

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Maslow postulated that everyone has five basic needs which constitute a need hierarchy. In ascending order, beginning with the most basic need and going up to the highest, they are physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization needs.

The correct answer is ‘True’.

Question 8

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Content theories of work motivation include all of the following except the ______ theory.

Select one:

  1. Hierarchy-of-needs
  2. Two-factor motivation
  3. Achievement motivation
  4. Equity

The text focuses on three content theories that have received the greatest amount of attention: the hierarchy-of-needs theory, the two-factor motivation theory, and the achievement motivation theory.

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The correct answer is: Equity

Question 9

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The process of giving individuals and teams the resources, information, and authority they need to develop ideas and effectively implement them is referred to as reengineering.

Select one:

True

False

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A particularly critical issue is how much decision making to delegate to subordinates. TQM uses employee empowerment. Individuals and teams are encouraged to generate and implement ideas for improving quality, and are given the decision-making authority and necessary resources and information to implement them.

The correct answer is ‘False’.

Question 10

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The hierarchy-of-needs theory is based primarily on work by David McClelland, a well-known humanistic psychologist.

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True

False

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The hierarchy-of-needs theory is based primarily on work by Abraham Maslow, a well-known humanistic psychologist.

The correct answer is ‘False’.

Question 11

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Decisions that are heavily economic in orientation concentrate on such aspects as return on investment (ROI) for overseas operations.

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True

False

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Decisions which are heavily economic in orientation concentrate on such aspects as return on investment (ROI) for overseas operations.

The correct answer is ‘True’.

Question 12

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In Germany, managers place a greater emphasis on managing subordinates than on productivity and product quality.

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True

False

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In Germany, managers focus more on productivity and quality of goods and services than on managing subordinates, which often translates into companies pursuing long-term approaches.

The correct answer is ‘False’.

Question 13

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In the two-factor motivation theory, job context variables such as salary, interpersonal relations, technical supervision, work conditions, and company policies and administration are referred to as hygiene factors.

Select one:

True

False

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Responses to the second question related to job context and included factors such as salary, interpersonal relations, technical supervision, working conditions, and company policies and administration. Herzberg called these job-context variables hygiene factors.

The correct answer is ‘True’.

Question 14

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Most research in international human resource management has been _____.

Select one:

  1. Context-oriented
  2. Content-oriented
  3. Procedure-oriented
  4. Process-oriented

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The correct answer is: Process-oriented

Question 15

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The Japanese make heavy use of a decision-making process called ringisei or decision making by consensus.

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True

False

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The Japanese are somewhat different from the Europeans, though they still employ a long-term focus. They make heavy use of a decision-making process called ringisei, or decision making by consensus. Under this system any changes in procedures and routines, tactics, and even strategies of a firm are organized by those directly concerned with those changes. The final decision is made at the top level after an elaborate examination of the proposal through successively higher levels in the management hierarchy, and results in acceptance or rejection of a decision only through consensus at every echelon of the management structure.

The correct answer is ‘True’.

Question 16

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Content-oriented theories examine motivation in more general terms and are more useful in creating a composite picture of employee motivation in _____.

Select one:

  1. A particular country or region

Most research in international human resource management has been content-oriented, because these theories examine motivation in more general terms and are more useful in creating a composite picture of employee motivation in a particular country or region.

  1. Universal terms
  2. Western-leaning nations
  3. Eastern-leaning nations

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The correct answer is: A particular country or region

Question 17

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The first assumption about the motivation process is that it is:

Select one:

  1. Universal

The first assumption is that the motivation process is universal, that all people are motivated to pursue goals they value—what the work-motivation theorists call goals with “high valence” or “preference.”

  1. Country specific
  2. Culturally explicit
  3. Regionally distinct

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The correct answer is: Universal

Question 18

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If centralized decision making is in place, the most important decisions are made at the:

Select one:

  1. Top management level

If decision making is centralized, most important decisions are made at the top; if decision making is decentralized, decisions are delegated to operating personnel.

  1. Middle management level
  2. Level of self-managed work teams
  3. Operational personnel

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The correct answer is: Top management level

Question 19

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The factors Welsh, Luthans, and Sommer observed among the Russian workforce that seemed to increase worker performance are:

Select one:

  1. Value of extrinsic reward and participative techniques
  2. Value of extrinsic reward and behavioral management

Welsh, Luthans, and Sommer examined the value of extrinsic rewards, behavioral management, and participative techniques among Russian factory workers. The first two of these motivational approaches worked well to increase worker performance, but the third did not.

  1. Participative techniques and behavioral management
  2. Value of intrinsic reward and participative techniques

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The correct answer is: Value of extrinsic reward and behavioral management

Question 20

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_____ is a psychological process through which unsatisfied wants or needs lead to drives that are aimed at goals or incentives.

Select one:

  1. Ability
  2. Inducement
  3. Assurance
  4. Motivation

Motivation is a psychological process through which unsatisfied wants or needs lead to drives that are aimed at goals or incentives.

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The correct answer is: Motivation

Question 21

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Managers everywhere avoid using rewards to motivate their personnel.

Select one:

True

False

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The role of intrinsic rewards—the psychological rewards that employees get from doing work that matters to them—is important around the world; however, what is meaningful and rewarding may vary from culture to culture.

The correct answer is ‘False’.

Question 22

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A company is likely to ________ decision-making processes when there are important brand names or patent rights involved as it wants to create as much protection as possible.

Select one:

  1. Decentralize
  2. Delay
  3. Centralize
  4. Delegate

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The correct answer is: Delay

Question 23

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Which of the following factors encourages the use of centralized decision making?

Select one:

  1. Small company size
  2. Small capital investment
  3. Relatively low importance to the MNC
  4. Highly competitive environment

In the international arena, however, sometimes the opposite approach is used. As competition increases and profit margins are driven down, home-office management often seeks to standardize product and marketing decisions to reduce cost and maintain profitability. Many upper-level operating decisions are made by central management and merely implemented by the subsidiary, although in some instances, companies still opt to decentralize operations if product diversification is necessary.

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The correct answer is: Highly competitive environment

Question 24

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The following factors encourage the use of centralized decision making except:

Select one:

  1. Large company size
  2. Large capital investment
  3. Heterogeneous product lines

According to Table 11-1, homogeneous product lines encourage centralized decision-making.

  1. High degree of technology

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The correct answer is: Heterogeneous product lines

Question 25

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Geert Hofstede and others have suggested that need-satisfaction profiles are a very useful way of addressing motivation.

Select one:

True

False

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The well-known Dutch researcher Geert Hofstede and others have suggested that need-satisfaction profiles are not a very useful way of addressing motivation, because there often are so many different subcultures within any given country that it may be difficult or impossible to determine which culture variables are at work in any particular work setting.

The correct answer is ‘False’.

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