Geology Sample MCQs Solved

Erosion is the:

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		movement of weathered material from its source site.
		decomposition of rock.
		disintegration of rock.
		weathering of rock and transportation of sediment.
		disintegration of soil.

Banded iron formations consist of alternating thin layers of chert and iron minerals.

 True

 False

Select the correct picture below that would indicate the direction of stress applied to form the foliation seen in the sample of Biotite Mica Schist.

A

B

C

D

Which orogenic episode in the formation of the Appalachian Mountains is responsible for the accretion of the Piedmont land on which we live on in Northern Virginia?

		Grenville
		Acadian
		Taconic
		Alleghenian

Q11

In the picture below, the youngest rocks would occur at

		A
		B
		C
		D

Q12

If a rock melts completely then cools it becomes a(n) ______________ rock. If it becomes hot enough for solid state recrystallization to take place but does not melt it becomes a(n) _____________ rock.
		metamorphic, sedimentary
		metamorphic, igneous
		igneous, metamorphic
		sedimentary, metamorphic

Q13

The texture and mineral composition of a metamorphic rock are dependent upon , , ,

Heat temperature fluids metamorphism

Orogenesis includes which of the following processes

		folding
		faulting
		metamorphism
		igneous activity
		all of the above

The appearance of the mineral garnet in a regionally metamorphosed rock is indicative of the following grade of metamorphism:

Medium

Melting and recrystallization

Low

High

In the picture below, the oldest rocks would occur at

A

B

C

D

In the picture below, what type of structure(s) can you identify?

Thrust Fault

Normal Fault and Reserve Fault

Overturned fold

Anticline and Syncline

The metamorphic rock in the picture below would be classified as (foliated/nonfoliated) .  The grade of metamorphism that produced this rock would be (low/moderate/high) .  The directed stress applied to this rock in its current orientation would have come from the (top/bottom or left/right) .

Question 1

The increase in temperature that accompanies increasing depth beneath the Earth’s surface is called the

		confining temperature
		geothermal gradient
		heat beneath our feet
		foliation temperature

Q19

Question 34

The parent rock for an metamorphic amphibolite is

		dark colored igneous rocks such as basalt and gabbro
		light colored sedimentary rocks such as quartz sandstone and coquina
		dark colored sedimentary rocks such as coal and greywacke
		light colored igneous rocks such as granite and rhyolite

Q20

An unconformity occurs at “A” in the picture below between the flat lying sedimentary rocks and the underlying metamorphic rocks.  What type of unconformity is this?

		nonconformity
		angular unconformity
		disconformity
		lack of conformity

Q21

All of Earth’s major mountain systems can be found along __________________ plate boundaries.

		convergent
		divergent
		transform
		emergent

Q22

The Grenville Mountains are associated with Rodinia and the Appalachian Mountains are associated with

acadian

The largest exposed area of the North American craton

		can be found in the Grand Canyon
		can be found in the core of Appalachian Mountains
		is the Canadian Shield
		is located along the continental shelf of the Atlantic Ocean

The Catoctin Greenstone found in Shenandoah National Park represents

		metamorphosed ocean crust from the opening of the Atlantic Ocean
		metamorphosed igneous rock from the roots of the Grenville Mountains
		metamorphosed sedimentary rock that is rich in green, organic material
		metamorphosed ocean crust from the opening of the Iapetus Ocean

Match each letter on the map with the correct Virginia Province.

1.	Coastal Plain C
2.	Valley and Ridge A
3.	Piedmont B
4.	Potomac
5.	Shenandoah
6.	Plateau E
7.	Blue Ridge D
8.	Grenville

The Virginia “Fall Line” separates which two provinces?

		B and D
		A and D
		B and C
		A and E

Q26

What sedimentary structure appears in this picture?

		rain drops
		worm burrows
		cross bedding
		ripples

Q27

Detrital (siliciclastic) sediments and rocks are classified by:

		mineral composition.
		grain size.
		the conditions in which they formed.
		mineral composition and grain size.
		composition, origin, and texture.

Q28

Coal beds originate

		in an evaporite basin
		from the accumulation of turbidites
		in coastal marshes
		in a near shore continental shelf  environment

Q29

The fine grained clastic sedimentary rock in the picture that splits easily in layers indicates a quiet water environment of deposition.  Which rock is it?

		conglomerate
		sandstone
		shale
		limestone

Q30

Sediment in the environment of deposition seen in the picture below would have the following characteristics: (select all correct answers; selecting wrong answers will result in a decrease in score)

		well rounded
		If lithified would form a breccia
		If lithified would form a conglomerate
		poorly sorted
		contain many rock fragments
		sub-rounded
		well sorted
		contains an abundance of evaporite minerals

Q31

The rock cleavage seen in the sample of slate in the picture below…

		is the result of the realignment of platy minerals such as mica
		is the result of high grade metamorphism
		occurred during a phase of regional metamorphism during mountain building
		would be a representative characteristic of a hornfels metamorphic rock
		displays characteristics that show it was originally a mafic igneous rock
		occurred during a phase of contact metamorphism
		is also referred to as foliation
		was produced by compressive stress

Q23

Early oceans on Earth (prior to about 1.8 BY) are thought to be green in color due to the amount of dissolved

		silicon
		magnesium
		iron
		sediment

Q24

What name is given to metamorphism that occurs adjacent to a magma chamber?

		CC – CC collisional metamorphism
		Geothermal metamorphism
		Regional metamorphism
		Contact metamorphism

Q25

Metamorphic rocks are most common at which type of plate boundary?

		divergent
		convergent
		transform
		all are equally likely to have metamorphic rocks

Which gas, that forms a distinct layer in the atmosphere, also protects us from the damaging rays of ultravioletradiation?

		carbon dioxide
		water vapor
		methane
		ozone
		nitrous oxide

	What type of fault is represented in the picture below? Normal Reverse Strike Slip Transform

When the Appalachian Mountains were forming, eastern North America was located near the

North Pole
South Pole
Equator
Prime Meridian

The sedimentary structure seen in the sandstone in the picture below is

Horizontal bedding

Ripple marks

Graded bedding

Cross bedding

The layering seen in the sequence of sedimentary rocks in the picture below is referred to as

Bedding

Cleavage

Geologic Pancakes

Sedimentary Facies

The fault in the picture below was produced by what type of stress?

		extensional
		compressional
		shear
		divergent

Q16

Match the metamorphic rocks with their environment of formation.

Slate A
Phyllite B
Schist C
Gneiss D

Q17

For the following questions, complete the sentence by writing the appropriate metamorphic rock name or feature. Check your spelling!!! The question will be marked wrong if your spelling is incorrect.

A rock formed by the low grade metamorphism of shale is called .SLATE

Metamorphosed sandstone is called . quartzite

The general name given to the planar (linear) fabric present in metamorphic rocks formed under high temperatures and pressure is  foliation

Q18

What type of unconformity appears in the picture below?

		nonconformity
		disconformity
		lateral conformity
		angular unconformity