Geology Sample MCQs Solved
Erosion is the:
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| movement of weathered material from its source site. | ||
| decomposition of rock. | ||
| disintegration of rock. | ||
| weathering of rock and transportation of sediment. | ||
| disintegration of soil. |
Banded iron formations consist of alternating thin layers of chert and iron minerals.
True
False
Select the correct picture below that would indicate the direction of stress applied to form the foliation seen in the sample of Biotite Mica Schist.
A
B
C
D
Which orogenic episode in the formation of the Appalachian Mountains is responsible for the accretion of the Piedmont land on which we live on in Northern Virginia?
| Grenville | ||
| Acadian | ||
| Taconic | ||
| Alleghenian |
Q11
In the picture below, the youngest rocks would occur at
| A | ||
| B | ||
| C | ||
| D |
Q12
| If a rock melts completely then cools it becomes a(n) ______________ rock. If it becomes hot enough for solid state recrystallization to take place but does not melt it becomes a(n) _____________ rock. | ||
| metamorphic, sedimentary | ||
| metamorphic, igneous | ||
| igneous, metamorphic | ||
| sedimentary, metamorphic | ||
Q13
The texture and mineral composition of a metamorphic rock are dependent upon , , ,
Heat temperature fluids metamorphism
Orogenesis includes which of the following processes
| folding | ||
| faulting | ||
| metamorphism | ||
| igneous activity | ||
| all of the above |
The appearance of the mineral garnet in a regionally metamorphosed rock is indicative of the following grade of metamorphism:
Medium
Melting and recrystallization
Low
High
In the picture below, the oldest rocks would occur at
A
B
C
D
In the picture below, what type of structure(s) can you identify?
Thrust Fault
Normal Fault and Reserve Fault
Overturned fold
Anticline and Syncline
The metamorphic rock in the picture below would be classified as (foliated/nonfoliated) . The grade of metamorphism that produced this rock would be (low/moderate/high) . The directed stress applied to this rock in its current orientation would have come from the (top/bottom or left/right) .
Question 1
The increase in temperature that accompanies increasing depth beneath the Earth’s surface is called the
| confining temperature | ||
| geothermal gradient | ||
| heat beneath our feet | ||
| foliation temperature |
Q19
Question 34
The parent rock for an metamorphic amphibolite is
| dark colored igneous rocks such as basalt and gabbro | ||
| light colored sedimentary rocks such as quartz sandstone and coquina | ||
| dark colored sedimentary rocks such as coal and greywacke | ||
| light colored igneous rocks such as granite and rhyolite |
Q20
An unconformity occurs at “A” in the picture below between the flat lying sedimentary rocks and the underlying metamorphic rocks. What type of unconformity is this?
| nonconformity | ||
| angular unconformity | ||
| disconformity | ||
| lack of conformity |
Q21
All of Earth’s major mountain systems can be found along __________________ plate boundaries.
| convergent | ||
| divergent | ||
| transform | ||
| emergent |
Q22
The Grenville Mountains are associated with Rodinia and the Appalachian Mountains are associated with
acadian
The largest exposed area of the North American craton
| can be found in the Grand Canyon | ||
| can be found in the core of Appalachian Mountains | ||
| is the Canadian Shield | ||
| is located along the continental shelf of the Atlantic Ocean |
The Catoctin Greenstone found in Shenandoah National Park represents
| metamorphosed ocean crust from the opening of the Atlantic Ocean | ||
| metamorphosed igneous rock from the roots of the Grenville Mountains | ||
| metamorphosed sedimentary rock that is rich in green, organic material | ||
| metamorphosed ocean crust from the opening of the Iapetus Ocean |
Match each letter on the map with the correct Virginia Province.
| 1. | Coastal Plain C |
| 2. | Valley and Ridge A |
| 3. | Piedmont B |
| 4. | Potomac |
| 5. | Shenandoah |
| 6. | Plateau E |
| 7. | Blue Ridge D |
| 8. | Grenville |
The Virginia “Fall Line” separates which two provinces?
| B and D | ||
| A and D | ||
| B and C | ||
| A and E |
Q26
What sedimentary structure appears in this picture?
| rain drops | ||
| worm burrows | ||
| cross bedding | ||
| ripples |
Q27
Detrital (siliciclastic) sediments and rocks are classified by:
| mineral composition. | ||
| grain size. | ||
| the conditions in which they formed. | ||
| mineral composition and grain size. | ||
| composition, origin, and texture. |
Q28
Coal beds originate
| in an evaporite basin | ||
| from the accumulation of turbidites | ||
| in coastal marshes | ||
| in a near shore continental shelf environment |
Q29
The fine grained clastic sedimentary rock in the picture that splits easily in layers indicates a quiet water environment of deposition. Which rock is it?
| conglomerate | ||
| sandstone | ||
| shale | ||
| limestone |
Q30
Sediment in the environment of deposition seen in the picture below would have the following characteristics: (select all correct answers; selecting wrong answers will result in a decrease in score)
| well rounded | ||
| If lithified would form a breccia | ||
| If lithified would form a conglomerate | ||
| poorly sorted | ||
| contain many rock fragments | ||
| sub-rounded | ||
| well sorted | ||
| contains an abundance of evaporite minerals |
Q31
The rock cleavage seen in the sample of slate in the picture below…
| is the result of the realignment of platy minerals such as mica | ||
| is the result of high grade metamorphism | ||
| occurred during a phase of regional metamorphism during mountain building | ||
| would be a representative characteristic of a hornfels metamorphic rock | ||
| displays characteristics that show it was originally a mafic igneous rock | ||
| occurred during a phase of contact metamorphism | ||
| is also referred to as foliation | ||
| was produced by compressive stress |
Q23
Early oceans on Earth (prior to about 1.8 BY) are thought to be green in color due to the amount of dissolved
| silicon | ||
| magnesium | ||
| iron | ||
| sediment |
Q24
What name is given to metamorphism that occurs adjacent to a magma chamber?
| CC – CC collisional metamorphism | ||
| Geothermal metamorphism | ||
| Regional metamorphism | ||
| Contact metamorphism |
Q25
Metamorphic rocks are most common at which type of plate boundary?
| divergent | ||
| convergent | ||
| transform | ||
| all are equally likely to have metamorphic rocks |
Which gas, that forms a distinct layer in the atmosphere, also protects us from the damaging rays of ultravioletradiation?
| carbon dioxide | ||
| water vapor | ||
| methane | ||
| ozone | ||
| nitrous oxide |
| What type of fault is represented in the picture below?
Normal Reverse Strike Slip Transform |
||||
When the Appalachian Mountains were forming, eastern North America was located near the
North Pole
South Pole
Equator
Prime Meridian
The sedimentary structure seen in the sandstone in the picture below is
Horizontal bedding
Ripple marks
Graded bedding
Cross bedding
The layering seen in the sequence of sedimentary rocks in the picture below is referred to as
Bedding
Cleavage
Geologic Pancakes
Sedimentary Facies
The fault in the picture below was produced by what type of stress?
| extensional | ||
| compressional | ||
| shear | ||
| divergent |
Q16
Match the metamorphic rocks with their environment of formation.
Slate A
Phyllite B
Schist C
Gneiss D
Q17
For the following questions, complete the sentence by writing the appropriate metamorphic rock name or feature. Check your spelling!!! The question will be marked wrong if your spelling is incorrect.
A rock formed by the low grade metamorphism of shale is called .SLATE
Metamorphosed sandstone is called . quartzite
The general name given to the planar (linear) fabric present in metamorphic rocks formed under high temperatures and pressure is foliation
Q18
What type of unconformity appears in the picture below?
| nonconformity | ||
| disconformity | ||
| lateral conformity | ||
| angular unconformity |
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