SOC 100 Final exam Part 2

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According to research, parents’ level of education has no impact on the academic performance of their children.

 

True

False

 

The difference between fundamentalist and mainline believers within a religious faith is

 

There are no significant differences between fundamentalist and mainline believers.

Mainline believers argue that sacred texts should be taken literally, while fundamentalists argue that they are open to interpretation.

Mainline believers want to keep to the old ways, while fundamentalists are willing to change with the social times.

Fundamentalists believe in keeping to the old ways, while mainline believers are willing to change with the social times.
Theorists that adhere to the demographic transition model believe that population growth

will inevitably be checked by elevated death levels due to disease and war caused by food shortages.

will only be checked when governments intervene and dictate the number of children that people can have.

will be checked by a natural decline in fertility rates due to technological, social, and economic changes.

will continue to explode unchecked until a series of major natural disasters kill significant numbers of people.
 

 

The U.S. public educational system (k-12) is supposed to provide equal opportunities for all students. Discuss some of the reasons why it does not or cannot.

 

Significant inequalities exist in the education opportunities available to different groups due to many reasons including wide disparities in funding and facilities exist between urban and suburban schools such as property taxes. In addition, Children of well-educated parents tend to be better prepared for schooling. While the goal is to provide equal opportunities, In reality, schools tend to preserve social class inequalities in each new generation. In addition educational sexism has a big influence on the students which comes from stereotypes in textbooks as well as pressure on women to study traditional women’s subjects and employment bias for administrators and teachers

 

Power, according to Weber, is the ability to exercise one’s will over others, even if they resist.

 

True

False

 

Which theorist came up with the term, “conspicuous consumption”?

 

Thorstein Veblen

Max Weber

Karl Marx

George Ritzer
Which of the following was NOT identified in lecture or the book as a reason why voter apathy is high in the United States?

 

Belief that elected officials are accurately representing citizens’ interests

Distrust of government

No compulsory voter registration or online voting

Dislike of the two-party system

 

 

What does the term “conspicuous consumption” refer to, according to the video shown in class?

 

Companies competing for the brand loyalty of consumers.

People of all social classes competing for social status by purchasing name-brand, expensive consumer goods.

People purchasing consumer goods for their utility and usefulness.

Wealthy people demonstrating their ability to avoid work and concentrate on non-productive activities for pleasure.

 

In the United States, there is a presidential election every four years. After the election, many Americans must accept the leadership of the person for whom they did not vote. According to Weber, this is an example of

rational-legal authority.

charismatic authority.

popular authority.

traditional authority.
Although the Great Recession of 2007 resulted in increased unemployment in America, this only affected people without college degrees.

 

True

False

 

Which of the following would NOT be considered a part of the informal economy?

Augmenting a legitimate job with doing odd jobs on the side for cash

Working for a corporation and paying taxes on the income

Selling items online and not reporting the income to the IRS

Illegal drug distribution and sales
Extrapolating from the video “The Story of Stuff,” and class lecture, what do you think the term “conspicuous waste” refers to?

People purchasing consumer goods for their utility and usefulness.

People of all social classes competing for social status by purchasing name-brand, expensive consumer goods.

Wealthy people demonstrating their ability to avoid work and concentrate on non-productive activities for pleasure.

Consumers throwing away perfectly good stuff because it is out of date, or unfashionable.
 

Which of the following is NOT one of the main points of the video, “The Story of Stuff”?

 

Trying to make changes to our individual and collective ways of life is futile.

The only part of the system most people in the U.S. are fully aware of is consumption (shopping).

People are being exploited due to corporations externalizing the costs of production and distribution.

The earth has finite natural resources, and we are using them up at an alarming rate.
 

Traditional authority, according to Weber, refers to

 

Power based on individual characteristics, where no formal position of leadership is necessary.

Power based on qualifications and experience, as in elected, appointed, or hired leadership.

Power based on inheritance, as in a royal family line.

Power based on criminal knowledge, coercion, and manipulation.
 

which of the following is not a consequence of deindustrialization?

increase of blue-collar, manufacturing jobs

 

What are the two basic types of economic systems that distinguish most large modern societies?

capitalism and communism

socialism and democracy

democracy and communism

capitalism and democracy
 

What does the term rust belt refer to?

The practice of reducing the labor force to meet budget cuts.

Moving manufacturing overseas.

An area of the U.S. hardest hit by deindustrialization.

An economy based on information and services.
Which of the following is an example of a monopoly?

 

Ownership and control of an entire industry by all of the workers

Ownership and control of an entire industry by one corporation

Ownership and control of an entire industry by the government

Ownership and control of an entire industry by several corporations
A dress manufacturer closes a factory in South Carolina and moves the factory to Malaysia, where labor costs are lower. This is an example of

downsizing.

anti-nationalism.

modernization.

offshoring.
 

Which of the following describes “nationalism”?

 

It is characterized by a geographical territory, organized government, legal system, and military force.

It is a quasi-religious identification with and loyalty to the nation.

It has similar characteristics as a state, but also a shared sense of peoplehood.

It is a formal government headed by a member of the royal family.

 

 

Capitalism is defined as

an economic system in which the means of production are largely in public hands but the main incentive for economic activity is the accumulation of profits.

an economic system in which the means of production are largely in private hands and the main incentive for economic activity is the accumulation of profits.

an economic system under which the means of production and distribution are publicly owned.

an economic system under which all property is communally owned and no social distinctions are made on the basis of people’s ability to produce.

Rational-legal authority, according to Weber, refers to

 

Power based on qualifications and experience, as in elected, appointed, or hired leadership.

Power based on inheritance, as in a royal family line.

Power based on criminal knowledge, coercion, and manipulation.

Power based on individual characteristics, where no formal position of leadership is necessary.

 

Which of the following is an example of an oligopoly?

 

Ownership and control of an entire industry by the government

Ownership and control of an entire industry by one corporation

Ownership and control of an entire industry by all of the workers

Ownership and control of an entire industry by several corporations
Which of the following is NOT a concern raised by critics of capitalism?

Increasing inequality between those who own the means of production and the workers

Dangerous working conditions for laborers

Lack of environmental protections

Increasing availability of affordable consumer goods to everyone

 

 

Teacher expectancy effect refers to

 

Benefits children receive from their parents’ social class

Placing students in college prep or vocational-technical academic paths

Teaching students to submit to authority and accept the dominant ideology

Self-fulfilling prophecy based on how teachers perceive students

 

 

Charismatic authority, according to Weber, refers to

 

Power based on criminal knowledge, coercion, and manipulation.

Power based on individual characteristics, where no formal position of leadership is necessary.

Power based on qualifications and experience, as in elected, appointed, or hired leadership.

Power based on inheritance, as in a royal family line.

 

 

Which of the following describes a “state”?

 

It is a formal government headed by a member of the royal family.

It is a quasi-religious identification with and loyalty to the nation.

It is characterized by a geographical territory, organized government, legal system, and military force.

It has similar characteristics as a state, but also a shared sense of peoplehood.
 

The united states is a completely capitalist society; in other words

False

 

 

The U.S. government is structured as

 

a fascist state.

a free-market capitalist system.

a socialist state.

a representative democracy.
According to lecture, what is NOT one of the advantages of Community Colleges?

 

Opportunities for minority and older students

Lower tuition

Lower academic requirements for acceptance

Tougher academic requirements for graduation
 

The concept of the sacred encompasses

the practices required or expected of members of a faith.

the elements of life humans do not understand.

a unified system of beliefs and practices relative to profane things.

elements or objects that inspire religious awe, respect, and even fear.

 

 

In the U.S. political system, Republicans generally advocate for

 

Fewer social welfare programs

More funding for education

Less government regulation of morality

Greater government regulation of business
Which of the following is not one of Weber’s classifications of authority?

 

industrial

rational-legal

traditional

charismatic
 

What does the term “conspicuous leisure” refer to, according to the video shown in class?

 

People of all social classes competing for social status by purchasing name-brand, expensive consumer goods.

Wealthy people demonstrating their ability to avoid work and concentrate on non-productive activities for pleasure.

Companies competing for the brand loyalty of consumers.

People purchasing consumer goods for their utility and usefulness.
 

Which of the following is NOT a function of education?

 

Training and social control

Childcare

Social integration

Crime deterrent

 

The tertiary sector of an economy refers to

 

Providing both manufactured goods and services

The extraction of natural resources

The conversion of natural resources to consumer goods

Providing information and services
 

Bestowal of status refers to

Benefits children receive from their parents’ social class

 

The term tracking refers to

 

the practice of placing students in specific curriculum groups on the basis of their test scores and other criteria.

the process of following a student’s academic progress from first through twelfth grades.

the practice of integrating handicapped children into “regular” classrooms.

the standards of behavior that are deemed proper by society and are taught subtly in schools.

 

The secondary sector of an economy refers to

 

Providing both manufactured goods and services

The extraction of natural resources

The conversion of natural resources to consumer goods

Providing information and services

 

 

 

Studies show that infant mortality rates in the U.S. are highest in which population?

 

White

Latino/a

Black

Middle Eastern
 

Tracking refers to

 

Benefits children receive from their parents’ social class

Placing students in college prep or vocational-technical academic paths

Self-fulfilling prophecy based on how teachers perceive students

Teaching students to submit to authority and accept the dominant ideology

Which of the following is NOT a strategy/tactic used by social movement advocates?

 

Remaining neutral

Sit-ins

Protests

Boycotts

 

 

Which of the following is NOT a reason given for the decline in rural populations?

 

Increasing cost of living in rural areas

Declines in farming and other rural industries

High poverty rates

High unemployment

 

 

 

an increase in the lowest level of education required to enter a field is called

Credentialism

 

Which of the following is true about the rates of disease and death in many racial and ethnic minorities in the U.S.?

They are mainly caused or influenced by genetics.

They are unrecorded by sociologists.

They are on par with disease and death rates of Whites.

They are mainly caused by environmental and social factors.
 

the secularization thesis argues that religion, as a way of knowing the world, will increase as societies modernize

True

False

 

Which of the following statements about ecclesiae is correct?

Ecclesiae are societies where several large religious denominations co-exist peacefully.

Ecclesiae are societies where church and state are separated.

In an Ecclesia, political and religious institutions often act in harmony and reinforce each other’s power.

All of the answers are correct.
 

Immigration refers to

 

The movement of people from one population to another

When individuals join a population of which they were not previously a member

When individuals of a population leave that group to go elsewhere

Overall percent change in population over a year

Social epidemiologists study how which of the following affect health?

gender

social class

ethnicity

all of the above
On the Jewish holiday of Passover, Jews are expected to eat matzo (unleavened bread) during their seder (holiday dinner) rather than the bread they eat during the rest of the year. Eating the matzo and having a seder are examples of religious

Rituals

 

 

Medicalization can be defined as

 

a byproduct of the government’s Medicare and Medicaid policies

a direct consequence of post-industrial life

redefining an area of social life as a treatable medical condition

the increase in availability of health care worldwide

 

 

 

Approximately what percentage of Americans hold a college degree

35 percent

 

Durkheim argued that religion had what type of effect on society?

integrating

conflict generating

leveling

diffusing
Which of the following is not a consequence of urbanization in the developing world?

Increasing availability of social services