Check Bernoulli’s equation for its validity LAB

Lab: Bernoulli’s Theorem Demonstration

Test site:

UDC, engineering building, C level

Lab Objective:

The objectives of the test are to check Bernoulli’s equation for its validity. We are also measuring a divergent or a convergent tube for flow rates. We will be assessing the total static pressure heads in the tube.

Following equipment are used:

Bernoulli’s Theorem Demonstration apparatus

F1-10 Hydraulics bench

F1-15 Bernoulli’s test apparatus

Stopwatch

Theory and introduction:

The mechanics of three kinds of fluids i.e. gases, liquids and plasma are studied in the field of Fluid mechanics which is an important branch of physics. There are different types of forces that are studied in fluid mechanics. These force act upon the three fluids.

Bernoulli’s Theorem is really important in terms of it providing a basic understanding to the energy and work conservation law. In a closed tube which has fluids moving through it, the total energy remains conserved. The sum of all energies are identified with the following equation:

Test Procedure:

The apparatus is placed on a solid surface and levelled. The Bernoulli apparatus is fitted upon a hydraulic bench so that the base is horizontal. The test section should have tapered section of 14 degrees converging in the flow direction. At this point we are ready to attach the water inlet and outlet. The outflow tube is place above the volumetric tank. The inlet is then attached to bench supply. The hydraulic bench valve and the flow control valve of apparatus are closed and the pump is started. Now open up hydraulic bench valve slowly to fill up the test rig. Close the valve to get air bleed from the tapping point. Now connect a tube having small bore from valve to volumetric tank. Tighten the bleed screw and partly open the hydraulic valve. Now open the air bleed screw to allow air to enter the manometers top and again tighten it when a suitable height is achieved. The maximum flow rate is determined by using the minimum and maximum reading on the manometer scale.

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Fig 1: Bernoulli’s Theorem Demonstration Apparatus

Related image

Fig 2: Hydraulic bench apparatus

Data and Calculations:

Equipment Specifications:

Tapping Position	Manometer Legend	Diameter (mm)
A	h1	25
B	h2	13.9
C	h3	11.8
D	h4	10.7
E	h5	10
F	h6	25

Flow No 1:

Volume Collected V (m³)	Time to collect t (sec)	Flow rate (Qv)		Distance into Duct (m)	Area of duct A (m²)	Static head h (m)	Velocity v (m/s)	Dynamic head m	Total head h° (m)
0.004	49.6	8.06e-5	h1	0.0	490.9e-6	0.175	0.164	0.00137	0.176
0.004	49.6	8.06e-5	h2	0.0603	151.7e-6	0.160	0.531	0.0143	0.174
0.004	49.6	8.06e-5	h3	0.0687	190.4e-6	0.144	0.736	0.0276	0.172
0.004	49.6	8.06e-5	h4	0.0732	89.8e-6	0.130	0.896	0.0419	0.172
0.004	49.6	8.06e-5	h5	0.0811	78.3e-6	0.104	1.02	0.0530	0.157
0.004	49.6	8.06e-5	h6	0.1415	490.9e-6	0.127	0.164	0.00137	0.128

Flow No 2:

Volume Collected V (m³)	Time to collect t (sec)	Flow rate (Qv)		Distance into Duct (m)	Area of duct A (m²)	Static head h (m)	Velocity v (m/s)	Dynamic head m	Total head h° (m)
0.005	72.21	6.9e-5	h1	0.0	490.9e-6	0.166	0.141	0.0010	0.167
0.005	72.21	6.9e-5	h2	0.0603	151.7e-6	0.155	0.455	0.011	0.166
0.005	72.21	6.9e-5	h3	0.0687	190.4e-6	0.143	0.362	0.0067	0.15
0.005	72.21	6.9e-5	h4	0.0732	89.8e-6	0.133	0.768	0.03	0.163
0.005	72.21	6.9e-5	h5	0.0811	78.3e-6	0.114	0.881	0.039	0.153
0.005	72.21	6.9e-5	h6	0.1415	490.9e-6	0.132	0.141	0.0010	0.133

Flow No 3:

Volume Collected V (m³)	Time to collect t (sec)	Flow rate (Qv)		Distance into Duct (m)	Area of duct A (m²)	Static head h (m)	Velocity v (m/s)	Dynamic head m	Total head h° (m)
0.004	51.6	7.8e-5	h1	0.0	490.9e-6	0.100	0.159	0.00129	0.1013
0.004	51.6	7.8e-5	h2	0.0603	151.7e-6	0.08	0.514	0.0135	0.093
0.004	51.6	7.8e-5	h3	0.0687	190.4e-6	0.064	0.409	0.0085	0.072
0.004	51.6	7.8e-5	h4	0.0732	89.8e-6	0.063	0.869	0.038	0.102
0.004	51.6	7.8e-5	h5	0.0811	78.3e-6	0.060	0.996	0.051	0.111
0.004	51.6	7.8e-5	h6	0.1415	490.9e-6	0.131	0.159	0.00129	0.1323