Geology 105 Solved

Question 1

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What river system feature is seen in this picture?

		V-shaped valley
		Tributary
		Alluvial fan
		Delta

Question 2

This Google Earth image of Mount Hood in Oregon displays which common type of drainage pattern?

		parallel
		trellis
		radial
		dendritic

Question 3

Water can enter the groundwater system

	a.	through cracks and fractures in very hard rocks, like igneous and metamorphic rocks.
	b.	through the pore spaces found in sedimentary rock.
	c.	through the process known as infiltration.
	d.	only after it rains; otherwise there is no groundwater to be found no matter how deep you dig.
	e.	Both a & b are correct.
	f.	a, b & c are all correct.
	g.	all of the above are correct.

Question 4

What river system feature is seen in this picture?

		Oxbow lake
		V-shaped valley
		Meander
		Rill

Question 5

Identify the numbered features in the diagram below.

1	Precipitation

2 Infiltration

3	Runoff

4	Temporary Base Level

5	Transpiration

6 Evaporation

7 Ultimate Base Level

8 Groundwater Flow

a. Deposition b. Precipitation c. Lithification d. Groundwater Flow e. Exfoliation f. Runoff g. Transpiration h. Temporary Base Level i. Intermediate Base Level j. Infiltration k. Evaporation l. Ultimate Base Level

Question 6

I have noticed that poison ivy seems to be more abundant, showing up earlier in the spring and growing more vigorously. Might I be able to contribute this to increased levels of CO₂ in the atmosphere?

True

False

Question 7

The Earth recently past a milestone in CO₂ concentration in the atmosphere. This milestone was

		100 PPM
		350 PPM
		1000 PPM
		400 PPM

Question 8

Tributary glaciers, that once fed larger valley glaciers, leave this characteristic valley behind after the ice has melted:

 

 

		V-shaped valley
		glacial till valley
		hanging valley
		valley with a pretty waterfall

Question 9

Eroded rock material deposited in a large mound at the terminus of a glacier as seen in this picture is called

	a.	a moraine
	b.	glacial till
	c.	a cirque
	d.	a point bar
	e.	Both a & b are correct.
	f.	Both c & d are correct.

Question 10

Overuse of groundwater may

		lower the water table.
		cause wells to fill with saltwater (if located near the ocean).
		cause the land surface to sink.
		all of the above.

Question 11

Which of the following analyses indicate that humans are the cause of increasing CO₂ in our atmosphere? Select only those answers that apply. Selecting incorrectly will result in points subtracted.

		Declining levels of O2 found in the atmosphere
		Increasing alignment of the Milankovitch cycles
		Ratios of Carbon isotopes C12, C13, C14 found in the atmosphere
		increasing solar output
		changes in El Nino and La Nina cycles
		recent increases in large volcanic eruptions like Mount Saint Helens and Mt. Pinatubo

Question 12

A glacially eroded valley has a characteristic shape, it

		is V-shaped
		is U-shaped
		has a very gradual slope along the sides
		is pie shaped

Question 13

What type of land feature is seen in this photo?

		oxbow lake
		talus cone
		sinkhole
		cone of depression

Question 14

Which of the following statements is the most accurate summary of stream flow characteristics?

		The largest particles are found in the low gradient part of the stream channel and the greatest velocities are recorded in the high gradient part of the channel.
		The largest particles are found in the high gradient part of the stream channel and the greatest velocities are recorded in the high gradient part of the channel.
		The largest particles are found in the high gradient part of the stream channel and the greatest velocities are recorded in the low gradient part of the channel.
		The largest particles are found in the low gradient part of the stream channel and the greatest velocities are recorded in the low gradient part of the channel.

Question 15

The elongate scratches were formed when a continental glacier scoured the bedrock. They are called

		glacial till
		plucking
		cirques
		glacial striations

2 points

Question 16

Examine the following diagram:

The last ice age can be divided into ___________________ and __________________.

		long, cold glacials; short, warm interglacials
		short, warm glacials; cold interglacials
		long, warm glacials; short cold interglacials
		short, cold glacials, long, warm interglacials

Question 17

Short term climate cycles are related to fluctuations in Earth’s orbit and changes in the tilt of Earth’s axis.

True

False

Question 18

This pyramid shaped glacial landform is called a(an)

		horn
		cirque
		arete
		moraine

Question 19

The steep sided, half-bowl shaped valley that forms at  the head of a valley glacier is called a(n)

		horn
		tarn lake
		arete
		cirque

Question 20

Match the features and characteristics with those identified on the diagram below.

cut bank B

Deposition A

point bar A Erosion B

river channel C

Question 21

Most of the spectacular cave systems (ex: Luray Caverns, Skyline Caverns) are formed by

		the dissolving of evaporite deposits, such as rock salt.
		sculpting cavemen
		sinkholes
		the dissolutioning of limestone by weakly acidic groundwater.

rivers

Question 22

Most of Earth s fresh water exists in

		glacial ice
		groundwater
		lakes
		rivers

Question 23

Causes of glaciation can be linked to

		variations in Earth’s orbit
		continental arrangements due to plate movement
		changes in ocean circulation patterns
		all of the above

Question 24

When meandering channel curves join in a downslope cut-through, this creates a cut-off meander followed by a(n) ______________________ as seen in the picture below.

		C – shaped curve
		Phantom curve
		Oxbow Lake

Question 25

The boundary between the saturated zone and the unsaturated zone is called the _____.

		Water table
		Permeability
		Hydrologic Cycle
		Aquifer

Question 26

The percentage of the Earth’s surface that is covered by water is about:

		10%.
		30%.
		50%.
		70%.
		100%

Question 27

Which gas, that forms a distinct layer in the atmosphere, also protects us from the damaging rays of ultraviolet radiation?

		water vapor
		ozone
		methane
		nitrous oxide
		carbon dioxide

Question 28

Groundwater moves from an area of higher elevation to an area of lower elevation.

True

False

Question 29

What old age river system feature appears in the bottom center of the photo below?

		base level
		point bar
		oxbow lake
		natural levee

Question 30

An arete is a

		knifelike ridge between glacial valleys
		deposit of unsorted sand and gravel
		pyramid-shaped peak eroded by continental glaciers
		type of glacier found in mountain valleys

Question 31

Match the correct answers below.

The flat area between the hills represents the B

Sediment gets deposited on the inside of a curve in a D

The sinuous pattern formed by the river channel is called a/an C

A. oxbow lake B. floodplain C. meander D. point bar E. headward erosion F. cut bank G. delta

Question 32

Most of Earth’s fresh water exists in

		glacial ice
		groundwater
		lakes
		rivers

Question 33

The most common drainage pattern appears below.  What type of drainage pattern is it?

		rectangular
		trellis
		dendritic
		radial

Question 34

The downhill slope of the stream bed is measured in feet/mile or meters/kilometer and referred to as the stream

		discharge
		velocity
		gradient
		profile

Question 35

Streams or rivers can erode the land surface area down to the elevation found at the mouth of the stream.  This elevation is called

		base level.
		erosion level.
		the flood plain.
		the gradient.

Question 36

Groundwater is mildly acidic due to

		the reaction of rainwater with carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and soil
		the reaction of rainwater with limestone surface rocks.
		percolation through sandstone
		mixing with river water.

Question 37

In the following groundwater table map, the small circles represent the elevation of the ground water at various wells.  The green lines represent groundwater table contours.  In what general direction is the groundwater flowing?

		northeast
		southeast
		southwest
		northwest